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| Author: David Grolsky |
The History of tapestries and textiles reads like the history of art itself; echoing the rise and fall of nations and the changing tastes of societies. Like all art movements tapestry art has a number of hidden gems, known only to very few, that have survived intact.
One such area is Asian tapestries which enjoyed a brief fame in Europe for about 150 years. Reflecting the growing confidence of European nations and their ambitions to conquer the world, these tapestries writ large the travels of adventurous seafaring nations and helped publicize their travels, successes and exploits.
Know as Orientale tapestries they first came to prominence in the 17th century. They depicted exotic far eastern lands like China, often concentrating on unusual items such as fruits and animals not found in Europe. They were designed to excite audiences and challenge polite Europeans ideas about their world.
Their emergence can be traced back to the first accounts of Eastern countries from Jesuit missionaries in the 17th century. This sparked an interest in the exotic and unusual cultures of the East that continues to this day.
Tapestries designed in this style were very popular from the 17th to the 19th century in Europe, especially France. By the 1660's tales of the East were beginning to circulate amongst the wealthy in Europe, brought back by Jesuit missionaries from the middle and far East. This created an interest in anything related to the Orient, and artists soon responded.
Many of the early depictions of the Orient were not experienced firsthand by artists and were often copied from engravings made by missionaries, such was the demand for Eastern artifacts and art. During the 18th and 19th centuries this interest was maintained due to the fact that the largely non-Christian countries in the East were still sufficiently different in culture, language and customs to seem very exotic to Europeans.
Over time this led to the development of a style of tapestry known as Orientale. Always distinctive, they tended to be tobacco colored and featured striking images of exotic creatures and people, set against a vibrant backdrop. Many were complemented with detail of local flora and fauna that was often remarkably accurate. Even today these tapestries continue to be popular, offering an insight into the cultures of the East and the preoccupations of Europe in the past few centuries.
One of the most distinct works of Oriental tapestry art is La Recotte des Ananas from a series called "The Story of the Emperor of China". It depicts an everyday scene in China, peasants picking fruit, and is lavish in its attention to detail. It also shows the Chinese Empress gesturing towards the plentiful fruit being harvested, with a pagoda and other buildings in the background.
The scene also depicts other tropical fruits and plants, setting the context as Eastern and distinctly non-European. Typical of the Oriental style it is believed to have been woven between 1697 and 1705 and commissioned by Louis Alexandre de Bourbon (1678 - 1737), son of Louis XIV, and many of the details on the tapestry would never have been experienced by the artists firsthand.
By the 1660's Jesuit missionaries returning from Asia provided these details in the form of engravings, which also created a great deal of public interest in life at the Chinese court. Of the original ten tapestries six can now be seen in the Getty Museum, Los Angeles.
Two of the most famous examples include 'Asia' and 'Royal Elephant', both designed and woven by Charles-Jean Salloundrouze de la Mornaix between 1840 and 1843. They were intended for the exposition of Industrial Products in France in 1844 and stunned audiences with their vibrant use of color and their depiction of exotic lands far away.
Like all Eastern tapestries they exude a strange exoticism that is apparent even today. In a time before mass media they did much to help publicize to polite European society that other cultures existed and were quite different from their own.
Although Eastern style tapestries enjoyed only a brief recognition their appeal continues to this day. They are often fascinating documents of life overseas at the time, as well as an insight into the preoccupations of European travelers of the time.
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Author Bio:
David Grolsky writes about the arts and history with a number of interests especially tapestry wall art and William Morris tapestries. |
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